RFID for Inventory Management

, Communications Lead
Communications Lead

Introduction

Inventory management remains one of the biggest challenges in modern supply chains. According to Parsec’s 2024 State of Manufacturing Survey, 28% of North American manufacturers blamed inefficient inventory management as a major supply chain challenge faced in the last year.

Inaccurate stock counts, misplaced goods, and delayed shipments can lead to costly inefficiencies. This is where Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology comes in.
RFID has the potential to revolutionize inventory management by enabling faster scanning, real-time tracking, and improved visibility across the supply chain. However, RFID is not without its drawbacks—scalability issues, high upfront costs, and security vulnerabilities can present significant hurdles.

In this blog, we’ll explore:

  • How RFID works for inventory management
  • The pros and cons of RFID
  • A comparison between RFID and barcode technology
  • The benefits of integrating RFID with a Manufacturing Execution System (MES)
  • Best practices for implementation

Let’s dive in!

What is RFID?

RFID stands for Radio-Frequency Identification, a technology that uses radio waves to identify and track objects equipped with RFID tags. Unlike barcode scanning, RFID does not require direct line-of-sight, enabling automatic, contactless tracking of inventory.

Types of RFID Tags

RFID tags fall into two main categories:

  • Passive RFID Tags: These tags do not have a battery and are activated by the signal from an RFID reader. They are cost-effective but have a shorter read range.
  • Active RFID Tags: These tags have an internal battery and can transmit signals over longer distances, making them ideal for tracking high-value assets.

How RFID Works in a Warehouse Setting

  1. RFID tags are attached to products, containers, or pallets.
  2. RFID readers scan tagged items as they move through checkpoints (e.g., entry/exit points, shelves, or conveyor belts).
  3. The data is automatically transmitted to an inventory management system in real-time.
  4. Companies use the collected data to monitor stock levels, track shipments, and optimize supply chain efficiency.s.

Pros of RFID for Inventory Management

As one can imagine, implementing RFID can be transformative for manufacturers. Improved Visibility & Faster Scanning
  • Enable real-time inventory tracking without the need for manual scanning.
  • Reduce cycle counting time by up to 50%, leading to increased productivity.
  • Eliminate human error associated with traditional barcode scanning.
Enhanced Supply Chain Visibility & Product Traceability
  • Achieve greater transparency across the supply chain by enabling real-time tracking of goods as they move through different stages, reducing errors and inefficiencies. By automatically capturing and sharing data across various touchpoints, RFID helps businesses identify bottlenecks, streamline logistics, and improve overall coordination between suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors.
  • Improves tracking of returnable assets (e.g., containers, pallets, equipment).
  • RFID has become essential in highly regulated industries (e.g., food & beverage, pharmaceuticals) where traceability is critical for compliance.

Cons of RFID for Inventory Management

As with every technology in the manufacturing ecosystem, RFID does come with several downsides. Cost
  • RFID Tags: Passive tags are inexpensive, but active tags are significantly more costly.
  • Infrastructure: Readers, antennas, and integration with existing systems require a high upfront investment.
  • Maintenance: Regular calibration and software updates are necessary to ensure performance.
Scalability Challenges
  • Expanding RFID implementation across large-scale operations can be complex and costly.
  • As the number of RFID tags and readers increases, companies may face diminishing returns.
Security Vulnerabilities
  • RFID tags: Tags can be cloned, leading to security risks. If security measures aren’t in place, data breaches may be possible.
Technological Limitations
  • Signal interference: Shop floor infrastructure—from surfaces to machinery—can be disruptive to RFID technology, as the devices are dependent on the transmission and reception of radio waves. To ensure optimal performance, manufacturers may need to consider denoting extra time to device calibration.

RFID vs. Barcode Technology

Feature RFID Barcode
Accuracy High (real-time tracking) Requires manual scanning
Cost Higher upfront cost Low-cost implementation
Scalability Challenging for large operations Easier and more affordable
Ease of Use Requires training & integration Simple, widely used
Best Use Cases for Each Technology While there is no “one size fits all” rule for how (and when) RFID should be implemented, here are some general guidelines:
  • RFID is best for: High-value items, sensitive environments, and large warehouses with high inventory turnover.
  • Barcodes are best for: Items with curved surfaces (e.g., cables, wiring), simple stock tracking, and cost-sensitive operations.

Integrating RFID Tracking with an MES

Collecting data via RFID technology can be a great step for manufacturers looking to optimize their traceability and supply chain visibility. However. Integrating RFID with a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) like TrakSYS expands those benefits, delivering things like:

Is RFID Right for You?

RFID technology can significantly improve inventory management by offering real-time visibility, removing errors associated with manual data capture, and enhancing supply chain coordination. However, the technology should not be implemented without consideration. Businesses looking to adopt RFID will benefit from carefully considering things like cost, scalability, and security risks before they move to invest. If you have questions regarding an upcoming RFID project, or if you want to learn more about how TrakSYS works in conjunction with an existing RFID deployment, contact us today.

FAQ

What is RFID and how does it work?

RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) is a technology that uses radio waves to identify and track objects equipped with RFID tags. Unlike barcodes, RFID does not require direct line-of-sight. In a warehouse setting, RFID tags are attached to items, and RFID readers automatically scan and transmit data to an inventory management system in real time.

There are two main types of RFID tags:

  • Passive RFID Tags: These do not have a battery and rely on RFID readers to activate them. They are cost-effective but have a shorter range.
  • Active RFID Tags: These have an internal battery, allowing them to transmit signals over longer distances, making them ideal for tracking high-value assets.

RFID can significantly improve inventory tracking by:

  • Enabling real-time inventory visibility without manual scanning.
  • Reducing cycle counting time by up to 50%, increasing productivity.
  • Enhancing supply chain transparency and compliance, particularly in regulated industries like food & beverage and pharmaceuticals.

While RFID offers many advantages, it comes with some challenges, including:

  • High Costs: RFID tags (especially active ones), readers, and integration require a substantial investment.
  • Scalability Issues: Expanding RFID across large operations can be complex and costly.
  • Security Risks: RFID tags can be cloned, leading to potential data breaches.
  • Technological Limitations: Signal interference from warehouse infrastructure can impact performance.
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